Browse through the writings of this prominent seventeenth-century philosopher. With "On the Improvement of the Understanding" and "Ethics."

Explore a theory of how the thinker's investigation of a 1978 Buick might proceed. Includes his image and a diagram.

Concise Columbia Encyclopedia biography traces the Sephardic Jew's career from excommunication for heresy to forming his version of pantheism.

Details about 17th century philosopher Benedictus de Spinoza, including chronology, texts and a reading list.

Biography of the C17th Dutch-Jewish thinker known for postulating two spheres of reality, namely temporal existences and eternal essences.

Chronology bookends the excommunicated Dutch Jewish pantheist's life with births and deaths of notable scholars and movements.

Links page to sites dealing with Spinoza's life and thought, chronologies, texts, and images.

Provides a brief description of the life and works of the 17th century Dutch philosopher. Connect to links about Descartes, Hobbes, and others.

Compete text of the Elwes translation of this seminal philosophical work is posted by a professor at Middle Tennessee State University.

Find biographical notes on the excommunicated Dutch Jew, plus read excerpts from part one of his "Ethics."

Read about the Jewish founder of the Naturalistic School of philosophy, excommunicated for rejecting the notion of a personal God. With links.

Locate a chronology for the Dutch Jewish rationalist, a description of his works, lecture notes, images, and links to related sites.